Operators in Java

Operators in Java are special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands and then return a result. Here is a comprehensive overview of the different types of operators in Java:

Arithmetic Operators in Java

These operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations.

• + : Addition
• - : Subtraction
• * : Multiplication
• / : Division
• % : Modulus (remainder of division)

Unary Operators in Java

Unary operators require only one operand.

• + : Unary plus (Indicates positive value)
• - : Unary minus (Negates an expression)
• ++ : Increment (Increases value by 1)
  • ++a : Pre-increment
  • a++ : Post-increment
• -- : Decrement (Decreases value by 1)
  • --a : Pre-decrement
  • a-- : Post-decrement
• ! : Logical complement (Inverts boolean value)

Assignment Operators in Java

These operators are used to assign values to variables.

• = : Simple assignment
• += : Add and assign
• -= : Subtract and assign
• *= : Multiply and assign
• /= : Divide and assign
• %= : Modulus and assign
• &= : Bitwise AND and assign
• |= : Bitwise OR and assign
• ^= : Bitwise XOR and assign
• <<= : Left shift and assign
• >>= : Right shift and assign
• >>> : Unsigned right shift and assign

Relational Operators in Java

These operators are used to compare two values.

• == : Equal to
• != : Not equal to
• > : Greater than
• < : Less than
• >= : Greater than or equal to
• <= : Less than or equal to

Logical Operators in Java

Logical operators are used to combine multiple boolean expressions.

• && : Logical AND
• || : Logical OR
• ! : Logical NOT

Bitwise Operators in Java

Bitwise operators perform operations on individual bits of integer data types.

• & : Bitwise AND
• | : Bitwise OR
• ^ : Bitwise XOR
• ~ : Bitwise complement
• << : Left shift
• >> : Right shift
• >>> : Unsigned right shift

Ternary Operator in Java

The ternary operator is a shorthand for if-else statements.

• ? : : Ternary (conditional) operator

Syntax:

variable = (condition) ? expressionTrue : expressionFalse;

Instanceof Operator in Java

This operator is used to test whether an object is an instance of a specific class or subclass.

• instanceof : Tests if an object is an instance of a class

Example:

if (obj instanceof String) {
    // obj is a String
}

Type Cast Operator in Java

This operator is used to convert data from one type to another.

Syntax:

dataType variableName = (dataType) value;

Example:

int num = (int) 3.14; // Cast double to int

Understanding these operators is crucial for writing efficient and effective Java code.